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Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism Listen to Audio endocrine1.jpg Clinical causes Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Treatment Preoperative management Intraoperative management Postoperative mangement Clinical causes: -Graves Disease -exogenous administration -thyroiditis -toxic multinodular goiter -adenoma of thyroid -tumor of pituitary Clinical manifestations: -weight loss -muscle weakness -nervousness -heat intolerance -diarhea -reflex (hyper-reflexia) Diagnosis: Throid Function Test: -increased T3 -increased T4 (bound and unbound) -decreased TSH Treatment: Medical treatment -propylthiouracil -methimazole -sodium iodide -potassium -propranolol -radioactive iodine (not for pregnant females) Surgical treatment -subtotal thyroidectomy Indication: -large toxic multinodular goiter -solitary toxic adenoma Preoperative management Elective surgery: -euthryoid with medical treatment -normal thyroid function test -resting heart rate < 85 bpm -continue antithyroid medications till a.m of surgery Emergency surgery: -attempt for CVS stability with esmolol infusion Intraoperative management Induction: -induction agent of choice : thiopental may have an exaggerated hypotensive response to induction due to: -hypovolemia -vasodilated Intubation: intubate patient when deeply anesthetized to avoid: -tachycardia -hypertension -ventricular dysrhythmia Systemic precautions: -ophthalmology: exopthalmus: therefore avoid corneal abrasions -airway: avoid kinking, compression or obstruction of ETT: may require armored ETT -thyroid mass: head elevation approx 15 - 20 degree to promote venous drainage and reduce amount of bleeding -cardiac: avoid tachycardia, hypertension, ventricular dysrhythmias -hepatic: increased drug metabolism therefore more prone to hepatic injury ex. halothane hepatitis -renal: may be prone to renal toxicity ex. enflurane -NMJ: hyperthyroidism may be associated myopathies, myasthenia gravis Postoperative management: Observe for potential postoperative complications: -thyroid storm -recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy -hematoma -hypoparathyroidism -pneumothorax Thyroid storm: -change in mental status (agitation, delirium, coma) -tachycardia (treat with esmolol infusion or propranolol 0.5 mg IV increments until heart rate is less than 100bpm) -hyperpyrexia (treat with cooling blanket) recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy: acute -unilateral: hoarseness -bilateral: stridor, aphonia, flacid paralysis adduction of vocal cords Hematoma: -may create tracheal/airway compression and obstruction

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The most common forms of hyperthyroidism include diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease), toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease), and toxic adenoma. Together with subacute thyroiditis, these conditions constitute 85-90% of all causes of thyrotoxicosis. Anyway, I want to share with you what I know aboutPainting Fairfax VA. They can provide excellent painting services, exterior and interior painting needs. Fairfax painters provide the most reliable fast and excellent painting services.

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In healthy people, the thyroid makes just the right amounts of two hormones, T4 and T3, which have important actions throughout the body. These hormones regulate many aspects of our metabolism, eventually affecting how many calories we burn, how warm we feel, and how much we weigh. In short, the thyroid "runs" our metabolism. Anyway, In Arlington VA, Carpet Cleaning Proz strive to make our residential and commercial clients the happiest clients of a carpet cleaners that can be. If you need carpet cleaners visit us now Carpet Cleaning Arlington VA.

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Hyperthyroidism is caused by overactive thyroid producing extremely high levels of hormones. Hyper thyroid symptoms put body’s metabolism in a high gear affecting virtually all systems in the body and this may be harmful if not controlled. Anyway, have your heating and air-conditioning units installed or repaired? Visit us now HVAC Virginia Beach VA.

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