Halothane
Sun, 11/04/2007 - 10:36 — oxygen
Halothane
Listen to Audio
physical properties
effects on organ system
biotransformation and toxicity
contraindications
drug interactions
physical properties
-MAC value: 0.75 %
-vapor pressure: 243 mmHg at 20 degree celcius
-halogenated alkane
-nonflammable and nonexplosive agent due to the carbon-flouride bonds
-amber-colored bottles which contain thymol preservative slow the spontaneous oxidative decomposition
-least expensive volatile anesthetic
Effects on organ systems
Central Nevous System
-decreased CMR02
-increased CBF
-increased ICP
-altered/blunted cerebral autoregulation
Cardiovascular System
-dose dependant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure
-direct myocardial depressant by interference of the sodium-calcium exchange and utilization of intracellular calcium
-increases in right artrial pressure (CVP)
-coronary arterial blood flow decreases secondary to decrease in mean arterial pressure
-coronary arterial blood flow decreased despite halothane induced coronary artery vasodilation
-generally well maintained perfusion to heart due to balance of decreased oxygen demand with decreased blood supply to the heart
-inhibits normal baroreceptor reflex tachycardia in response to decreased mean arterial pressure
-inhibited baroreceptor reflex may lead to junctional rhythms and bradycardia
-sensitizes myocardium to epinephrine-induced dysrhythmias, therefore avoid epinephrine dosages > 1.5 ug/kg
Respiratory System
-increases respiratory rate
-decreases tidal volume
-resultant decreased alveolar ventilation
-elevated resting PaC02
-elevated apneic threshold
-blunted response to elevated PaC02
-potent vasodilator
-may reverse asthma-induced bronchoconstriction
-may be the most potent bronchodilator amongst the current volatile anesthetic agents
-depresses respiratory mucociliary clearance which may promote postoperative atelectasis and hypoxia
Hepatic System
-decreases hepatic blod flow proportional to decreases in cardiac output
-may impair hepatic metabolism and clearance of some drugs (ex. fentanyl, phenytoin, and verapamil)
-may cause hepatic cellular dysfunction evidenced by minor elevation of liver transaminases
Renal System
-decreases renal blood flow
-decreases GFR
-decreases urinary output
-filtration fraction is increased due to a greater decrease of renal blood flow compared to the decrease in GFR
Neuromuscular
-potential triggering agent for malignant hyperthermia
-prolongs muscle relaxation from nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMR)
Biotransformation and toxicity
-halothane oxidized by the liver cyto p450 (2EI) to trifluoroacetic acid metabolite which can be inhibited by disulfiram
-presense of ischemia may lead to reductive hepatotoxic metabolites of halothane which covalently bind to macromolecules
Factors which may be associated with postoperative hepatic dysfunction:
-viral hepatitis
-impaired perfusion to the liver
-preexisting liver disease
-hepatocellular hypoxia
-sepsis
-hemolysis
-drug induced hepatitis
Halothane hepatitis associations:
-rare: 1 in 35,000 cases
-multiple, short interval anesthetic exposure
-middle-aged obese females
-familial history of halothane toxicity
contraindications
-patients with pre-existing unexplained liver dysfunction
-possibly in patients with intracranial mass lesions due to potential of increasing ICP
-patients with pheochromocytoma due to possible association of epinephrine induced dysrythmias
-cardiac patients who cannot tolerate direct cardiodepressant effects of halothane
drug interactions
-beta blockers and calcium channel blockers exacerbate direct cardiodepressant effects of halothane
-possible arterial pressure fluctuation and dysrhythmia effects with tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
-possible severe ventricular dysrhythmias with combination of halothane and aminophylline
Halothane
Listen to Audio
physical properties
effects on organ system
biotransformation and toxicity
contraindications
drug interactions
physical properties
-MAC value: 0.75 %
-vapor pressure: 243 mmHg at 20 degree celcius
-halogenated alkane
-nonflammable and nonexplosive agent due to the carbon-flouride bonds
-amber-colored bottles which contain thymol preservative slow the spontaneous oxidative decomposition
-least expensive volatile anesthetic
Effects on organ systems
Central Nevous System
-decreased CMR02
-increased CBF
-increased ICP
-altered/blunted cerebral autoregulation
Cardiovascular System
-dose dependant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure
-direct myocardial depressant by interference of the sodium-calcium exchange and utilization of intracellular calcium
-increases in right artrial pressure (CVP)
-coronary arterial blood flow decreases secondary to decrease in mean arterial pressure
-coronary arterial blood flow decreased despite halothane induced coronary artery vasodilation
-generally well maintained perfusion to heart due to balance of decreased oxygen demand with decreased blood supply to the heart
-inhibits normal baroreceptor reflex tachycardia in response to decreased mean arterial pressure
-inhibited baroreceptor reflex may lead to junctional rhythms and bradycardia
-sensitizes myocardium to epinephrine-induced dysrhythmias, therefore avoid epinephrine dosages > 1.5 ug/kg
Respiratory System
-increases respiratory rate
-decreases tidal volume
-resultant decreased alveolar ventilation
-elevated resting PaC02
-elevated apneic threshold
-blunted response to elevated PaC02
-potent vasodilator
-may reverse asthma-induced bronchoconstriction
-may be the most potent bronchodilator amongst the current volatile anesthetic agents
-depresses respiratory mucociliary clearance which may promote postoperative atelectasis and hypoxia
Hepatic System
-decreases hepatic blod flow proportional to decreases in cardiac output
-may impair hepatic metabolism and clearance of some drugs (ex. fentanyl, phenytoin, and verapamil)
-may cause hepatic cellular dysfunction evidenced by minor elevation of liver transaminases
Renal System
-decreases renal blood flow
-decreases GFR
-decreases urinary output
-filtration fraction is increased due to a greater decrease of renal blood flow compared to the decrease in GFR
Neuromuscular
-potential triggering agent for malignant hyperthermia
-prolongs muscle relaxation from nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMR)
Biotransformation and toxicity
-halothane oxidized by the liver cyto p450 (2EI) to trifluoroacetic acid metabolite which can be inhibited by disulfiram
-presense of ischemia may lead to reductive hepatotoxic metabolites of halothane which covalently bind to macromolecules
Factors which may be associated with postoperative hepatic dysfunction:
-viral hepatitis
-impaired perfusion to the liver
-preexisting liver disease
-hepatocellular hypoxia
-sepsis
-hemolysis
-drug induced hepatitis
Halothane hepatitis associations:
-rare: 1 in 35,000 cases
-multiple, short interval anesthetic exposure
-middle-aged obese females
-familial history of halothane toxicity
contraindications
-patients with pre-existing unexplained liver dysfunction
-possibly in patients with intracranial mass lesions due to potential of increasing ICP
-patients with pheochromocytoma due to possible association of epinephrine induced dysrythmias
-cardiac patients who cannot tolerate direct cardiodepressant effects of halothane
drug interactions
-beta blockers and calcium channel blockers exacerbate direct cardiodepressant effects of halothane
-possible arterial pressure fluctuation and dysrhythmia effects with tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
-possible severe ventricular dysrhythmias with combination of halothane and aminophylline
Search
"When you treat a disease, first treat the mind."
Comments
The fully integrated test
The fully integrated test program is further compounded when taking into account the evolution of specifications over a given time period. HIV Test Singapore
Thanks
the H is coming on strong. ces2008 |changeofhaart
This is very good. be
This is very good.
be yourself quotes inspire quotes about yourself loving quotes about loving yourself and it will rain chords with the a thousand years chords
Would you same to billet a
Would you same to billet a visitant line on my journal?
how do i buy penny stocks
child support lawyer Chicago IL
hi
When you love what you do thenwork doesn’t seem like work!If creativity is what you are all about and if animation isyour first love, then rush to ZICA today! And let yourpassion lead you!Mercedes has set the pace in taking initiatives. In August, it signed up as the automotive partner for all motor sporting events at the Budhh International Circuit in Greater Noida for two years. The Mercedes SLS AMG-with top speed of 317 km/hr-will be the 'safety car' for all racing events at the circuit. It will also provide cars to race officials.
Nissan Starter
I am so glad to hear that
I am so glad to hear that practical activities about water issues, environment friendly agriculture and many other matters will be set. Viagra Singapore
Since this is a great
Since this is a great resource for me, ultrasound technician salary I have bookmarked your site so I can check out new stuff regularly.
I always hot to pen in my
I always hot to pen in my position something equivalent that but I solve you'r faster
hottub | Philadelphia airport hotel
Dream Vacation Network
I’ve read through a number of the articles in your website , and I love the way you blog. I included it to my favorites blog site list and will also be checking quickly.
dream vacation network
I am very much interested in
I am very much interested in reading articles. This blog was really an awesome site which I had never found it anywhere. Lots of stuff in this site ! Really helpful for most of them !Panic Away Review
Blink 182 Tickets
This is a topic of my interest. I love reading through your blog Blink 182 Tickets, I wanted to leave a little comment to support you and wish you a good continuation Chris Young Tickets. Wishing you the best of luck for all your blogging efforts. Jason Aldean Tickets
I really liked your blog
I really liked your blog quite informative and interesting facts and figures you have discussed on your blog even the comments are very fruitful and helpful in enhancing the knowledge regarding the topic.commodity tips
This is quite a site. The
This is quite a site. The article is clearly written and every point is factual and is no-nonsense. I have surf the internet looking for topics such as these and it is here where I find it written and stated well.bouwdroger
This is the wonderful site
This is the wonderful site for every one and all this articles and comments are very good. Useful information shared..I am very happy to read this article..thanks for giving us nice info.Fantastic walk-through. I appreciate this post.ipad 3
The posting is very cool and
The posting is very cool and awesome It is the first time I am visiting this site But the article is like mouth watering and I had savored it heart fully.Waiting for more comments on this site to full fill my hunger and thirst.immobilien türkei
essentials article
Amazing still significant along with essentials article regarding phone number search simply using the change telephone search phone number lookup with the intention of discover not in who is trailing these serious reports. Maybe going through a have of the folks private cell phone number capacity be a better attention seeing as well with the aim of try away
Nice post!! I could found
Nice post!! I could found out excellent and useful information from you guys.I appreciate your work here.I like this type of post because it will be useful for everyone.Full Term Pregnancy
Nice information about
Nice information about Epidural Anesthesia.I am always searching online for articles that can help me. Looking forward to another great blog. Good luck to the author ! all the best.vloeren leggen
Is anyone using online
Is anyone using online resumes?
generator in miami
People not familiar with generator in miami often falsely believe they can power their entire house with a 4500 watt generator.
The clinical laboratory
The clinical laboratory science practice, education and management. Information about membership.Thanks for sharing the informative post.
Regards.
Roy - Rachmaninov Symphony 2
thanks
Keep it up guys! excel countif, pivot table excel 2007, excel lookup
nICE
I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative.
flyg london billigt
hi
I agree with your point, please share with us more good articles.
1979 Chrysler Town and Country AC Compressor
There are a few things you
There are a few things you can do with your KM Full Lace Wigs too that only require common sense. Just like your own hair, your lacewig hair ought to be kept safe from harsh climate conditions like extreme heat and wind. Wrapping the lacewig hair up inside a silk bonnet as you would your normal hair is a good idea to protect it from all of these conditions.
Thus, the product
Thus, the product configuration baseline presents extremely interesting challenges to the philosophy of commonality and standardization. Revisor
I think the interactions have to be looked at also
The overal interactions with other drugs seems like it could cause some problems.
dividend stocks. payday loans. lcd tv deals.
hi just wondering what your
hi just wondering what your procedure for cleanup after suicide was bwecause it isn't entirely clear anywhere online thanks!
The need for treatment of
The need for treatment of hyper calcemia depends on the degree of hyper calcemia and the presence or absence of clinical symptoms.Thanks for sharing the informative post.
Regards.
david77- mother eulogy
Halothane is contraindicated
Halothane is contraindicated in patients with a history or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia or significant hepatotoxicity after previous halothane exposure (see Adverse Reactions below). It should be used with caution (benefits vs. risks) in patients with hepatic function impairment, cardiac arrhythmias, increased CSF or head injury, myasthenia gravis, or pheochromocytoma (cardiac arrhythmias due to catecholamines).
Some animal studies have shown that halothane may be teratogenic; use only when benefits outweigh potential risks.
leather thongs
The lsp elder demand valve
The lsp elder demand valve is designed to provide hundred oxygen to a breathing or non breathing patient in an emergency situation.Thanks for sharing the informative post.
Regards.
david77- Inward investment UK
The techniques include
The techniques include topical anesthesia, infiltrative anesthesia, ring blocks, and peripheral nerve blocks.Thanks for sharing the informative post.
Regards.
david77- mobile casino
In today's fast life we can
In today's fast life we can see variety of diseases are there. So we find lots of medicines to diagnose these ones. But also these drugs have toxicity which affects human organ systems which is not good for our health. This should stop somewhere & we should concentrate to avoid these effects to occur.
dentist yuma
I just cant stop reading
I just cant stop reading this. Its so cool, so full of information that I just didnt know. Im glad to see that people are actually writing about this issue in such a smart way, showing us all different sides to it. Youre a great blogger. Please keep it up. I cant wait to read whats next.
catering kitchen equipment
The dissertation chapters
The dissertation chapters should be perfectly composed by distinguished thesis service, when people want to present a writing talent. Thus, this is manifestly that you understand the right way to finish a superb issue referring to this topic. Thank you very much for distributing this.
generic drugs
If you want to create a
If you want to create a stunning web graphic or webpage design why not borrow from the best? it's common practice for copywriters to keep a swipe file of great copy that has been known to generate great sales results. I'm amazed that graphic designers rarely follow this example. Even if you're not a graphic designer you'll want to try this technique. This method is so simple; you'll be producing web layouts quickly and easily. I want to share with you some tips to start your own image swipe file and how to build it up to be one of your most powerful design tools. Whether you just dabble in design or you are a serious graphic design professional, these tips will be extremely useful for you.
____________________________________________
C-TFIN52-64
117-101
Pass4sure 156-215.65
1Y0-A05
For example, the fully
For example, the fully integrated test program is further compounded when taking into account the evolution of specifications over a given time period. Satellite Internet
Halothane
Hey friend thanks for reviewing quality information about halothane. I also agree with above statement as physical exercise also palys very importatnt role in maintaining good health & fitness. If someone can't do heavy excersises then daily just walking for half an hour also will do. By this we feel fresh also & little exercise also happens everyday.
Web design Lancaster
flower
Really A great article to read I must say that you are good as your work send flowers to united kingdom | mothers day flowers delivery Germany
Physical exercise is
Physical exercise is considered important for maintaining physical fitness and overall health (including healthy weight), building and maintaining healthy bones, muscles and joints, promoting physiological well-being, reducing surgical risks, and strengthening the immune system. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running and swimming, focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance and muscle density. Anaerobic exercises, such as weight training or sprinting, increase muscle mass and strength. Proper rest and recovery are also as important to health as exercise, otherwise the body exists in a permanently injured state and will not improve or adapt adequately to the exercise. The above two factors can be compromised by psychological compulsions (eating disorders, such as exercise bulimia, anorexia, and other bulimias), misinformation, a lack of organisation, or a lack of motivation.
_____________________________________________________
Pass4sure 642-972| Pass4sure 642-631| Pass4sure 642-415| Pass4sure 000-105
Very good information about
Very good information about Halothane. I'll have soon an surgical intervention to a dental implant Beverly Hills clinic and I want to know what's the effects of this medicament. From my knowledge there are no side-effect of these drafts, but I just want to be sure that everything's gone to be fine.
great information..
Recently I came across your site & reading through all your posts I find really very new & valuable information here. I was looking or this like information only & today i found here. I will like to follow you to read some new info here. Thanks for sharing. pms cure
I had two surgeries in which
I had two surgeries in which I was given halothane. The thing is that I had a drug problem, so after I was rehabilitated at Vista bay I didn’t want my organism to have any kind of interaction with drugs. So I had chosen halothane instead of other anesthetics, because the doctors said that, in my case, this inhalational anesthetic was the safest one. I didn’t have any side effects right after the surgeries.
As a resultant implication,
As a resultant implication, the characterization of specific criteria necessitates that urgent consideration be applied to the structural design, based on system engineering concepts. 0 Credit Cards
The emergence of pop culture
The emergence of pop culture may be parsed as the systemization of the gendered body. Limousine Services in Rome
Cash Payday Loan
Halothane causes central nervous system depression, affects the cardiovascular system, may cause hepatitis, and has reproductive effects in humans.
Cash Payday Loan
Great update indeed. plus
Great update indeed. plus size cocktail dresses
I really loved reading your
I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to understand. Unlike additional blogs I have read which are really not that good. I also found your posts very interesting.
Buy Generic Lanoxin Online
substances
Very Nice post.......
Chemically, halothane is not an ether; it is an alkyl halide. The structure has one stereocentre, so there are (R) and (S) optical isomers. Attempts to find anaesthetics with less metabolism led to halogenated ethers such as enflurane and isoflurane. The incidence of hepatic reactions with these agents is lower. The exact degree of hepatotoxic potential of enflurane is debated, although it is minimally metabolised. Isoflurane is essentially not metabolised and reports of associated liver injury are quite rare. Small amounts of trifluoroacetic acid can be formed from both halothane and isoflurane metabolism and possibly accounts for cross sensitisation of patients between these agents.
Portable dvd player